Practical SEND Strategies: Creating Inclusive Learning in the Early Years

As Early Years educators, creating an inclusive environment where every child feels valued and supported is at the heart of what we do. When working with children with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND), it's essential to have a toolkit of strategies that ensure all children thrive. Here are some practical, straightforward strategies that you can integrate into your daily practice.

1. Create a Predictable Routine

Children with SEND often benefit from a consistent routine. Predictability helps reduce anxiety and allows them to understand what’s coming next. Visual timetables are particularly effective. Use pictures to represent each activity in the day, and place these where all children can easily see them. If you’re working with a child who has a preferred communication method, such as using visuals, incorporating symbols from their system (e.g. Makaton or PECS) can be especially beneficial.

2. Use Clear, Simple Instructions

Break down your instructions into manageable steps and avoid complex language. Instead of saying, “Let’s all tidy up quickly before we go outside to play,” try saying, “First, pick up the toys. Then, we will go outside.” You may need to simplify instructions further, for example, “First, toys away, then outside,” and use visuals to support the child’s understanding. It’s important to cue the child in by saying their name before giving the instruction so they know it’s directed at them, e.g. “Shardi, first pick up the toys.” Always give children time to process your instructions, and if needed, repeat them.

3. Adapt the Learning Environment

Small adjustments to the environment can have a big impact. Provide quiet areas for children who may become overwhelmed by noise or overstimulation. Soft lighting, sensory tools, and calming colours can also help children with sensory differences feel more at ease.

4. Eye Contact is Not Necessary for Listening

It’s important to remember that some children with SEND may find it difficult to make or maintain eye contact. This does not mean they are not listening. Children may focus better on what you’re saying when they are looking away or engaged in another activity. Encourage listening through other means, such as by using their name, giving clear verbal instructions, and observing their body language for signs of engagement, rather than relying solely on eye contact.

5. Offer Choice and Autonomy

Giving children the opportunity to make choices throughout the day empowers them and promotes independence. Offer simple options, such as choosing between two activities, selecting which toy to play with, or deciding where to sit at lunchtime. Providing choices helps children feel more in control of their environment, reducing anxiety and encouraging engagement. Even small decisions can make a big difference in their confidence and participation.

6. Use Visual and Sensory Support

Incorporate visuals to support children in following the routine of the day and communicating. Examples include visual timetables, now-and-next boards, communication boards, and choosing boards. Sensory breaks are also valuable, giving children the opportunity to rest and reset throughout the busy day.

7. Focus on Strengths

While it’s essential to address next steps and skills for development, focusing on each child’s strengths helps build confidence. Create opportunities for them to excel in activities that highlight their abilities. Whether it’s building with blocks, drawing, or participating in role play, celebrating successes can improve self-esteem and encourage positive behaviour.

8. Collaborate with Parents* and Specialists

You don’t have to do it alone. Engage with parents, carers, and external specialists such as speech and language therapists or occupational therapists. Regular communication with families will give you insights into what works best at home, allowing you to apply these strategies in your setting. Specialists can provide specific techniques tailored to individual children, helping you support their development more effectively.

Final Thoughts

Inclusion is about making every child feel that they belong, and by incorporating these strategies, you can create an environment where children with SEND can thrive. Small, consistent adjustments can have a significant impact, helping each child reach their full potential.

*I use the word parents to include parents, carers and all types of family structures